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C1861
Karte von J.Mac Douall Stuart’s Reise durch das Innere Von Australien, 6. Marz bis 25, August 1860.
Scarce map showing the route of John Mac Douall Stuart’s fourth expedition journey through the interior of Australia, 6th March to 25 August 1860 The map shows the path of Stuart’s fourth expedition, which took them into the centre of … Read Full Description
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Details
Full Title:
Karte von J.Mac Douall Stuart’s Reise durch das Innere Von Australien, 6. Marz bis 25, August 1860.
Date:
C1861
Condition:
Some minor toning to right sheet edge, otherwise in good condition with folds as issued.
Technique:
Copper engraving with original hand colouring.
Image Size:
200mm
x 525mm
Paper Size:
215mm
x 545mm
AUTHENTICITY
Genuine antique
dated:
1861
Description:
Scarce map showing the route of John Mac Douall Stuart’s fourth expedition journey through the interior of Australia, 6th March to 25 August 1860
The map shows the path of Stuart’s fourth expedition, which took them into the centre of Australia. Stuart and his party left Chambers Creek, beyond the Flinders Ranges and south of Lake Eyre in South Australia, on 2 March, 1860. Stuart had two men with him, William Kekwick and Benjamin Head, and 13 horses. Along the journey Stuart found and named many well known landmarks, such as the Finke River, MacDonnell Range, the Waterhouse Range. The inset map indicates how far across the Australian continent the expedition reached. Detailed notes and illustrations are included at various points on the map about the type of country crossed and the types of vegetation seen there. Presumably there is no equivalent in the German language for descriptions such as mulga, spinifex and saltbush. There are also notes which show the date at which certain points were reached. Stuart calculated that the centre of the continent had been reached on 22 April 1860. At the spot the party raised a British flag and marked a tree. A mount a few miles away was climbed and here they raised another flag and buried a message in a cone of stones. Stuart named the hill Central Mt Sturt, after Charles Sturt, who had previously tried, but failed, to reach that far. Interestingly, the government in Adelaide changed the name to Central Mount Stuart soon afterwards, and this is the name that Petermann has shown on the map, along with a drawing of a little flag and notations about the event. The expedition continued northwards from the central point and came within 200 miles of the north coast. The map indicates the many landmarks found and named along the way. A lack of water, poor diet (leading to scurvy) and the increasing hostility of Aboriginal people they encountered in competition for scarce water supplies, led Stuart to decide to return home.
From, Petermanns, Geographische Mittheilungen.Â
Collections:
National Library Australia: Bib ID 1323796
State Library South Australia: zmp p 830.23 sanc/e 1861 C41 F4
National Library Australia: Bib ID 1323796
State Library South Australia: zmp p 830.23 sanc/e 1861 C41 F4
Augustus Heinrich Petermann (1822 - 1898)
In 1847, Petermann moved to London and in 1850 founded his own establishment: The Geographical Establishment, Engraving, Lithographic and Printing Office. In 1852 Ernst Georg Ravenstein (1834–1913) was apprenticed to him, then in 1855 he went into the service of the Topographical Department of the British War Office. Petermann's firm published, among other things, maps for the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society and through this he established lifelong relationships with many scientists, politicians and explorers. In 1847, he became a member of the RGS. When he was 28 in 1850 he was elected under-Secretary. In 1868 he was awarded with the prestigious 'Founders medal' of the RGS. Queen Victoria, at the suggestion of Robert Bunsen, appointed him 'physical geographer-royal'. Early in his career, Petermann already wanted to further the cause of geographical exploration as shown by his concern for and interference with James Richardson's expedition. The purpose of this expedition, which was supported by the British government, was to negotiate trade treaties with the rulers of the middle Sudan. Petermann, supported by Carl Ritter and Robert Bunsen, pleaded with the British government to let Heinrich Barth and Adolf Overweg join up with Richardson’s expedition to assure that geographical and scientific aspects which they might encounter were taken care of. When still affiliated with the Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Erdkunde, he published their progress in this journal, and when he started his very influential, Petermanns geographische Mitteilungen. This journal, which still exists today, greatly influenced the development of scientific geography and cartography in Germany in the nineteenth century. Numerous articles have been published by recognized experts in this field, along with a multitude of illustrations, showing maps, prints and photographs. The journal developed into an important publication, setting the standard in the history of the great expeditions and discoveries, and European colonial matters. His long stay in Britain made him familiar with the best in British and German geography, and as he was fluent in both languages and having learnt French helped him to read widely.
