Maris Pacifici, (quod vulgo Mar del Zur).

The first printed map solely devoted to the Pacific from Ortelius’ Theatrum Orbis Terrarum. This is the first and rarest state, of which only 100 examples were printed. While it is dated 1589, it was not included in the Theatrum until the following year. It was based on Mercator’ world map of 1569 and several portolan charts and rutters from the Portuguese Cosmographer to the King of Spain, Bartolomeo Lasso, which the celebrated Dutch cartographer Petrus Plancius had obtained and later used for his own world map.

The Americas were based on a map appearing in the 1589 edition of the Theatrum, which was the first map to separately name North and South America. To the east of South America is a magnificent engraving of Magellan’ ship Victoria, in which he became the first to circumnavigate the world and enter the Pacific in 1520. It is accompanied by a quatrain in Latin which states: ‘ was I who first circled the globe, my sails flying. You Magellan, I led to your new-found strait. It was I who circled the world by right am I called Victoria. Mine are the sails and the wings, the prize and the glory, the struggle and the sea.’ Magellan’ discovery of the strait between South America and Tierra del Fuego showed that the mythical land of Terra Australis Incognita was not connected to the known world and led Magellan and others to speculate that Tierra del Fuego could be a northern tip of the great southern continent. New Guinea is shown separated from Terra Australis by a strait, differing from Ortelius’ world map from the same atlas, in which he shows it joined with a note querying its status. New Guinea is named ‘ Guinea, quibusdum Terra de Piccinacoli’ (New Guinea, according to some the land of the Piccinacoli), after a quote from Andrea Corsali’ 1516 report to the Doge of Venice, in which he claimed that New Guinea was joined to the South Land. Although Torres had sailed through the treacherous strait in 1606, he hadn’ realised the significance of his two month navigation or his probable sighting of the Australian mainland which he had thought was a large island. It wasn’ until 1769 when Alexander Dalrymple, while translating Spanish letters originally obtained in the Philippines, recognised that Torres had indeed discovered the strait and named it after him. The Philippines, visited by Magellan in 1521, are shown, as are the Solomon Islands, discovered by Mendanas in 1567 but depicted much larger than their actual size. The map is beautifully decorated with strapwork title and dedication cartouches featuring swags, garlands and depictions of sculpture in relief.

1590L4 (identical in text and typesetting to 1592L, but without page number last line, in small font, left aligned: habitantes mutu accepisse, non video quis testagari posset.

References: Broecke 12.1, Burden 74, ill. p.94, Clancy p.65, ill.5.6, Clancy (R) p.47, ill.pp.48-49, Cortazzi p.86, ill.21, Quirino p.18, ill. pp.18-19, Reinhartz p.47, ill.46-47, Suarez, pp.64-66, ill. front cover, ill. fig. 58, Tooley (A) pp.322-323, Walter p.186, ill.11G