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Second Voyage: 1772-1775 Ships: Resolution & Adventure Rank:Commander
Cook was promoted commander and given charge of a second expedition, in the two ships, Resolution and Adventure which was under the command of Captain Tobias Furneaux.
On
this second voyage Cook was to circumnavigate the world in high
southern latitudes and producing a chart of the Southern Hemisphere
which extended the knowledge of Antarctica.
In February and March 1773 the Adventure, parted from the Resolution
by fog and gales, made for the south coast of Van Diemen’s Land. Here
Furneaux renamed Adventure Bay on Bruny Island, sailed round Tasman
Peninsula and sailed up the east coast to Flinders Island, but through
bad weather failed to reach Point Hicks before proceeding to the agreed
rendezvous with the Resolution in New Zealand.
The ships met as agreed in
New Zealand (February-May 1773) and from there set off to explore the
central Pacific, visiting Tahiti (August), where, from the island of
Raiatea, they took aboard Omai who returned with the Adventure to
England (7 September). Omai was taken to England, arriving at London in
October 1774 where he was introduced into society by the naturalist Sir
Joseph Banks. During his two-year stay in England, Omai became much admired within London high society.
After
visiting Amsterdam and Middelburg, two islands that Cook called the
Friendly Islands (Tongan group) (October) the ships became separated and
never met again.
Cook on the Resolution then attempted
another search for the Great Southern Continent (November 1773),
crossing the Antarctic Circle on 20th December 1773. However, the ice
and cold soon forced him to turn north again and he made another search
in the central Pacific for the Great Southern Continent. On 17 January 1774 he turned south again, crossing the Antarctic Circle for the second time and then again for a third time 26 January 1774.
Cook sailed north,
arriving at Easter Island in March 1774, followed by visits to the
Marquesas (March); Tahiti (April) and Raiatea (June); past the Cook
Islands and Niue, or Savage Islands as Cook called them; Tonga (June);
Vatoa, the only Fijian Island visited by Cook (July); New Hebrides
(Vanuatu) (17 July-August); New Caledonia (September) and Norfolk Island
(October); before returning to New Zealand (October 1774). He then
departed for Britain via the Southern Ocean in November 1774 and arrived
at Portsmouth on 30th July 1775.
On
his return he was made a member of the Royal Society, receiving a
Copley Medal for achievement and was promoted to post-captain of
Greenwich Hospital.
Cook was the most important navigator of the Age of Enlightenment, a period that saw the mystery of the Southland resolved, the discovery of New Zealand, Hawaii, numerous Pacific Islands and confirmation that a Northwest Passage did not exist. Cook was born in Yorkshire, England, the son of a Scottish labourer and apprenticeship for three years under John Walker, a Quaker coal-shipper of Whitby. In 1755 Walker offered him a command, but instead Cook joined HMS Eagle and within a month was master's mate. After two years on the Channel service, he was promoted master of the Pembroke, and in 1758 crossed the Atlantic in her and took part in the siege of Louisburg and the survey of the St Lawrence River that led to the capture of Quebec. Returning to England in 1762 he married Elizabeth Batts (1742-1832?) of Shadwell, whom he was to rarely see in the ensuing years at sea. Cook then famously commanded three voyages that ended with his death on the island of Hawaii on 14 February 1779.
![[A View of the inside of a house in the island of Ulietea (Raiatea), with the representation of a dance to the music of the country.] Captain Cook](https://i0.wp.com/antiqueprintmaproom.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/104a_copy.jpg?fit=768%2C524&ssl=1 "[A View of the inside of a house in the island of Ulietea (Raiatea), with the representation of a dance to the music of the country.] Captain Cook")
$A 125
$A 245
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