Cluver was born in Danzig, studied law at the University of Leiden, but soon he turned his attention to history and geography.
Cluver was an antiquary, who was given a special appointment at Leiden as geographer and in charge of the university’s library. His Introductio in universam geographiam, was the first comprehensive modern geography and became a standard geographical textbook. He was also a prolific writer on mathematical and theological subjects. He is remembered by collectors and historians of cartography for his edition of Ptolemy’s Geographia and for his miniature atlases.