Doctor and naturalist born in Siena where he received his MD at the University of Padua in 1523, and becoming the personal physician of Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria in Prague and Ambras Castle, and of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor in Vienna. A careful student of botany, he described 100 new plants and coordinated the medical botany of his time in his Discorsi on the De Materia Medica of Dioscorides.