Scarce, c.19th hand coloured engraved chart of the world on Mercators Projection, published by the Depot General de la Marin, Paris, with its seal at lower left.
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Scarce, c.19th hand coloured engraved chart of the world on Mercators Projection, published by the Depot General de la Marin, Paris, with its seal at lower left.
Depot de la Marine France ( - )
Dépôt des cartes et plans de la Marine, was the central charting institution of France. The centralisation of hydrography in France began in earnest when Jean-Baptiste Colbert became First Minister of France in 1661. Under his watch, the first Royal School of Hydrography began operating, as did the first survey of France’s coasts (1670-1689). In 1680, Colbert consolidated various collections of charts and memoirs into a single assemblage, forming the core of sources for what would become the Dépôt. The Dépôt itself began as the central deposit of charts for the French Navy. In 1720, the Navy consolidated its collection with those government materials covering the colonies, creating a single large repository of navigation. By 1737, the Dépôt was creating its own original charts and, from 1750, they participated in scientific expeditions to determine the accurate calculation of longitude. In 1773, the Dépôt received a monopoly over the composition, production, and distribution of navigational materials, solidifying their place as the main producer of geographic knowledge in France. Dépôt approved charts were distributed to official warehouses in port cities and sold by authorised merchants. The charts were of the highest quality, as many of France’s premier mapmakers worked at the Dépôt in the eighteenth century, including Philippe Bauche, Jacques-Nicolas Bellin, Rigobert Bonne, Jean Nicolas Buache, and Charles-François Beautemps-Beaupré.
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Charles‑Louis Gressier (1791 - 1886)
French naval hydrographer, engineer, and mapmaker known for producing detailed nautical charts and hydrographic world maps for the French Navy. Born in 1791, Gressier served as an ingénieur hydrographe (hydrographic engineer) with the French naval mapping service, the Dépôt général de la Marine. His work focused on maritime cartography, coastal surveys, and navigational charting during a period when European naval powers were expanding scientific and commercial exploration. Gressier participated in important hydrographic expeditions along the coast of Brazil in 1819–1820 under the command of French naval officer Albin-Reine Roussin. Together with fellow hydrographer Alexandre Givry, he surveyed Brazilian ports, bays, and coastal waters, producing charts that improved navigation and maritime knowledge of South America. His charts were valued for their precision and were used by navigators, naval officers, and geographers throughout the c.19th century.
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